Graphene Oxide Production Via Exfoliation Process of Low-Temperature Synthetic Graphite from Oil Palm Trunk Waste |
| N.A. Karima, b, M.M. Ramlia, c, C.M.R. Ghazalia, d, M.M.A. Abdullaha, e, D. Darmintof, B. Jeżg, M. Nabiałekh
aCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.O. Box 77, D/A Pejabat Pos Besar, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia bFaculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Tetap Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia cFaculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia dFaculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia eFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia fDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Campus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia gDepartment of Technology and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19c, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland hDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland |
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| The exfoliation process via the modified Hummers' method has been well established as the main method to produce graphene oxide. Previously, however, the process only involved commercial graphite as a precursor material for the production of graphene oxide. In this study, synthetic graphite has been successfully produced using oil palm trunk waste as potential carbon sources. Different values of the heating parameter, i.e, 500, 800, and 1000°, have been applied. The heating also varied from 5 to 10°/min and to 20°/min to control the heating condition. After heating treatment, the samples were characterised using X-ray diffraction and analysed by X'Pert HighScore Plus software. The graphite nature of the synthetic graphite produced was additionally supported by Raman analysis. Morphological study was carried out using a scanning electron microscope. Based on the analysis, the optimum processing parameters were found, namely the temperature of 800° and the heating rate of 20°/min. The as-produced synthetic graphite was then subjected to further exfoliation to form graphene oxide via the modification of Hummers' method. The graphene oxide produced was then characterised to confirm its graphitic nature. |
DOI:10.12693/APhysPolA.142.81 topics: synthetic graphite, low temperature, oil palm trunk waste, graphene oxide |